Emulating trial to evaluate the effectiveness of routine supportive care on mortality among cancer patients experiencing distress at the time of diagnosis.

INTRODUCTION: Few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of interventions for distress during cancer diagnosis on clinical outcomes in a real-world setting. We aimed to evaluate whether routine information and psychosocial support to patients experiencing distress at the time of diagnosis could decrease the risk of mortality within 1 and 3 years after diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 4880 newly diagnosed cancer patients who reported distress scores of ≥4 using the tablet or kiosk-based screening between July 2014 and December 2017 at a university-affiliated cancer center in Seoul, South Korea. We performed an emulated target trial with two groups: those that received information and psychosocial support and those that did not. Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify the associations between information and psychosocial support and all-cause mortality. RESULTS: Of all the patients, 16.6 % had routine information and psychosocial support. The hazard ratio (HR) for one-year mortality comparing participants with information and psychosocial support to those without it were 0.73 (95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.54, 0.99). Age < 50 and 50 - <60 group had a stronger effect of information and psychosocial support on reducing mortality within one-year than these in age ≥ 60 (p for interaction = 0.03). In terms of three-year mortality, the HR comparing participants with information and psychosocial support to those without it was 0.93 (95 % CI = 0.76, 1.14). CONCLUSION: This large-scale real-world study suggests that timely psychosocial care benefits newly diagnosed cancer patients who had distress during pre-treatment period.

Effect of Focal Laser Photocoagulation on the Ganglion Cell Complex Thickness in Acute Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.

This study investigated the changes in the ganglion cell complex (GCC) of patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) following focal laser photocoagulation (FLP) and sought to determine its correlation with visual acuity (VA). Our retrospective study was conducted on 30 patients diagnosed with acute CSC between January 2015 and April 2022, who underwent FLP within 3 months of symptom onset. The study assessed GCC changes by measuring the thickness of its inner retinal layers-retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), and inner plexiform layer (IPL) using optical coherence tomography (OCT). GCC thickness was compared between the affected and unaffected eyes and a healthy control group. VA was also assessed at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months post-treatment. VA showed significant improvement from 0.20 ± 0.14 at baseline to 0.10 ± 0.12 logMAR at 6 months post-treatment (p = 0.003). There was no significant change in GCC thickness over the 6-month period. No significant differences in GCC thickness were observed when comparing CSC eyes with fellow eyes or with normal controls at any time point. Final VA was significantly related only to baseline VA, with no correlation found with other factors, including RNFL, GCL, and IPL thickness. In summary, for patients with acute CSC undergoing FLP, our findings indicate that there is no significant change in GCC thickness detectable by OCT before and after the resolution of subretinal fluid (SRF), despite improvements in VA post-laser treatment. This suggests that any potential impact of FLP on GCC thickness may be minimal and not discernible with the current measurement methods, such as OCT, emphasizing that VA improvements may be primarily associated with alterations in the outer retina rather than the inner retina. Further studies with extended follow-up durations are warranted to evaluate any potential long-term changes in GCC.

Psychophysiological Responses of Cut Flower Fragrances as an Olfactory Stimulation by Measurement of Electroencephalogram in Adults.

Horticultural therapy (HT) is green care that can help improve and recover the health of modern people living in cities through natural experiences. Many studies have been conducted to determine HT's therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms, but investigation for developing readily applicable clinical techniques is insufficient. We aimed to investigate adults' brain activity and emotional state during flower arrangement (FA) with different flowers in an HT program. We recruited thirty adults and used a randomized cross-over study method to set them to participate in five FA tasks at 90-s intervals. While performing FA tasks, the participants' prefrontal cortex brain waves were measured by a wireless electroencephalography device and their emotional states between FA tasks were measured by questionnaires. Results showed that each FA task resulted in a different attention level of the participants. The participants showed the highest attention level during FA with stocks and carnations, while FA with lilies showed the lowest attention level among the five FA tasks. Instead, the participants showed the highest arousal, tension, and anxiety for emotional states during FA with lilies. Therefore, this study confirmed the differences in attention level and emotional changes according to flower types for using clinical techniques of HT for various clients.

Therapeutic base editing and prime editing of COL7A1 mutations in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.

Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a severe skin fragility disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the COL7A1 gene, which encodes type VII collagen (C7), a protein that functions in skin adherence. From 36 Korean RDEB patients, we identified a total of 69 pathogenic mutations (40 variants without recurrence), including point mutations (72.5%) and insertion/deletion mutations (27.5%). For fibroblasts from two patients (Pat1 and Pat2), we applied adenine base editors (ABEs) to correct the pathogenic mutation of COL7A1 or to bypass a premature stop codon in Pat1-derived primary fibroblasts. To expand the targeting scope, we also utilized prime editors (PEs) to correct the COL7A1 mutations in Pat1- and Pat2-derived fibroblasts. Ultimately, we found that transfer of edited patient-derived skin equivalents (i.e., RDEB keratinocytes and PE-corrected RDEB fibroblasts from the RDEB patient) into the skin of immunodeficient mice led to C7 deposition and anchoring fibril formation within the dermal-epidermal junction, suggesting that base editing and prime editing could be feasible strategies for ex vivo gene editing to treat RDEB.

Quantitative Analysis of Immunosuppressive Drugs Using Tungsten Disulfide Nanosheet-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry.

For organ transplantation patients, the therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of immunosuppressive drugs is essential to prevent the toxicity or rejection of the organ. Currently, TDM is done by immunoassays or liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods; however, these methods lack specificity or are expensive, require high levels of skill, and offer limited sample throughput. Although matrix-assisted (MA) laser desorption ionization (LDI) mass spectrometry (MS) can provide enhanced throughput and cost-effectiveness, its application in TDM is limited due to the limitations of the matrixes such as a lack of sensitivity and reproducibility. Here, we present an alternative quantification method for the TDM of the immunosuppressive drugs in the blood of organ transplant patients by utilizing laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) based on a tungsten disulfide nanosheet, which is well-known for its excellent physicochemical properties such as a strong UV absorbance and high electron mobility. By adopting a microliquid inkjet printing system, a high-throughput analysis of the blood samples with enhanced sensitivity and reproducibility was achieved. Furthermore, up to 80 cases of patient samples were analyzed and the results were compared with those of LC-MS/MS by using Passing-Bablok regression and Bland-Altman analysis to demonstrate that our LDI-MS platform is suitable to replace current TDM techniques. Our approach will facilitate the rapid and accurate analysis of blood samples from a large number of patients for immunosuppressive drug prescriptions.

Horticultural therapy program for mental health of prisoners: Case report.

BACKGROUND: The restricted environment in prison negatively affects psychological health of prisoners, which in turn affects the rehabilitation of the prisoners. Previous studies have shown that horticultural activities were effective in improving psychological health of prisoners. The objectives were to develop a horticultural therapy (HT) program and to determine the association of 12 sessions with participants' psychological health using case analysis. METHODS: Five cases who were imprisoned at K correctional institution in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea participated in this study. They were diagnosed as a potential risk group of psychological health. The prisoners participated in a HT program once a week (12 weeks, 90 min per session) between April and June 2018 at K correctional institution. The program consisted of cultivation-centered horticultural activities. At the completion of the HT program, depression (Beck Depression Inventory), anger (State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory), self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale), and life satisfaction (Satisfaction with Life Scale) were evaluated. Positive changes were found through observations of interviews, workbooks, and emotional change checklists that were recorded in each session. RESULTS: We observed positive changes in the prisoners' health conditions measured before and after participating in the HT program. The prisoners who participated in the HT program showed decreased depression (-2.6), and increased self-esteem (+1.2) and life satisfaction (+4.0). CONCLUSIONS: The prisoner rehabilitation HT program was associated with improvements in the participants' psychological health. Future efforts will be required to investigate the effects of an HT program with a larger sample size to perform statistical analysis for providing convincing evidence.

Horticultural therapy program for improving emotional well-being of elementary school students: an observational study.

BACKGROUND: Children in modern society are exposed to high levels of stress. Various previous studies have reported that horticultural activities help children's emotional stability. The objective of this study is to develop and implement a horticultural therapy program to improve the emotional intelligence, resilience, and self-efficacy of elementary school students. METHODS: A total of 582 Korean students (11-13 years old) from 28 schools participated in this study. The horticultural therapy program consisted of seven sessions and was conducted once a week for 60 min per session, during regular or after-school classes. Before and after the horticultural therapy program, emotional intelligence, resilience, and self-efficacy of the elementary school students were assessed using questionnaires. At the end of the program, students evaluated their satisfaction with the program. RESULTS: The horticultural therapy program significantly improved emotional intelligence (p = 0.000), resilience (p = 0.001), and self-efficacy (p = 0.003) of the elementary students participating in this study. After the program, emotional intelligence improved both male and female students. In resilience and self-efficacy, male students improved after the program, but female students did not. CONCLUSIONS: This study may show a potential of horticultural therapy for psycho-emotional health of children.

A Horticultural Therapy Program Focused on Succulent Cultivation for the Vocational Rehabilitation Training of Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities.

We aimed to develop a horticultural therapy program for the vocational rehabilitation of individuals with intellectual disabilities and examine its effects. Individuals with intellectual disabilities (n = 28, average age: 33.23 ± 4.9 years) were recruited from a welfare center in Jecheon, South Korea. They participated in eight weekly sessions of a horticultural therapy program consisting of common succulent cultivation techniques at a specialized succulent cultivation farm located in Jecheon, South Korea. Before and after the program, we assessed hand function (grip strength, pinch force, and hand dexterity, evaluated using a hand dynamometer, Jamar hydraulic pinch gauge, and grooved pegboard, respectively), emotional behavioral strategies (evaluated using the emotional behavioral checklist), and social skills (evaluated using the social skill rating system-teacher form). After participation in the horticultural therapy program, individuals with intellectual disabilities displayed significantly improved hand function, emotional behavior, and social skills (all p < 0.05). This study demonstrates the potential of horticultural therapy focused on succulent cultivation for the vocational training of individuals with intellectual disabilities. Future studies should investigate the effects of the program in a larger cohort.

Metabolite Profiling Revealed That a Gardening Activity Program Improves Cognitive Ability Correlated with BDNF Levels and Serotonin Metabolism in the Elderly.

Metabolomics is useful for evaluating the fundamental mechanisms of improvements in the health functions of the elderly. Additionally, gardening intervention as a regular physical activity for the elderly maintained and improved physical, psychology, cognitive, and social health. This study was conducted to determine whether the cognitive ability of the elderly is affected by participating in a gardening activity program as a physical activity with a metabolomic potential biomarker. The gardening program was designed as a low to moderate intensity physical activity for the elderly. Serum metabolites resulting from gardening were subjected to metabolite profiling using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-linear trap quadruple-orbitrap-mass spectrometry followed by multivariate analyses. The partial least squares-discriminant analysis showed distinct clustering patterns among the control, non-gardening, and gardening groups. According to the pathway analysis, tryptophan metabolism including tryptophan, kynurenine, and serotonin showed significantly distinctive metabolites in the gardening group. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels (BDNF) in the gardening group were significantly increased after the gardening program. Correlation map analysis showed that the relative levels of tryptophan metabolites were positively correlated with BDNF. Our results show that tryptophan, kynurenine, and serotonin may be useful as metabolic biomarkers for improved cognitive ability by the gardening intervention.

Scrophularia koraiensis Nakai Attenuates Allergic Airway Inflammation via Suppression of NF-κB and Enhancement of Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling.

Scrophularia koraiensis Nakai (Scrophulariaceae) is a medicinal herb that grows in Korea and which has been widely used to treat fever, edema, neuritis and laryngitis. Hence, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of the ethanol extract (SKE) of S. koraiensis Nakai in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mouse model. We injected 20 µg of OVA with 2 mg of aluminum on day 0 and day 14 to induce allergic airway inflammation in six-week-old BALB/c mice, and mice were challenged with 1% OVA by nebulization for 1 h on days 21, 22, and 23. SKE was orally administered at 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg from day 18 to 23, and its effects were compared with those of montelukast treatment. SKE significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokines, inflammatory cell counts, immunoglobulin-E, and airway hyperresponsiveness during the OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation model; it also reduced airway inflammation and mucus production. In addition, SKE reduced the OVA-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) phosphorylation in lung tissues while enhancing nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor (Nrf-2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. In conclusion, SKE showed the protective effects on OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation via the suppression of NF-κB phosphorylation and the enhancement of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. These results indicate that SKE is a potential therapeutic agent for allergic airway inflammation.

Care Farming Program for Family Health: A Pilot Study with Mothers and Children.

We designed a pilot study to develop a family interaction model-integrated a care farming program with mother-child pairs as the participants. In this pilot study, we aimed to assess the effects of the care farming program on communication skills and psychological health in families. Sixteen mother-child pairs in Sejong, South Korea participated in this study. The families participated in a care farming program once a week for six weeks (90 min per session) between May and July 2018. The care farming program was developed based on parenting education skills, strengths-based cognitive behavioral therapy, and the emotional intelligence model; the result was a family interaction model intended to improve communication and psychological health among mothers and children. The program consisted of gardening activities such as making a garden plot, planting transplants, harvesting, and cooking the harvested crops. Upon completion of the six-session program, we evaluated communication with the Parent-Children Communication Inventory, depression with the Beck Depression Inventory, and resilience with the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale among the mothers. We also evaluated emotional intelligence among the children with the Emotional Intelligence Scale. According to post-intervention results, mothers showed significantly increased resilience, improved communication skills with their child, and decreased depression, while children showed significantly improved emotional intelligence (p < 0.05). Despite the study's limitation in establishing causality between the care farming program and the observed effects on family health, the care farming program clearly contributed to the observed improvements of mother-child communication skills, mothers' psychological health, and children's emotional intelligence, which in turn improved overall family health.

Benefits of Gardening Activities for Cognitive Function According to Measurement of Brain Nerve Growth Factor Levels.

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of gardening activities in senior individuals on brain nerve growth factors related to cognitive function. Forty-one senior individuals (age 76.6 ± 6.0 years) were recruited from the local community in Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea. A 20-min low-to-moderate intensity gardening activity intervention, making a vegetable garden, was performed by the subjects in a garden plot located on the Konkuk University (Seoul, South Korea) campus. The gardening involved six activities including cleaning a garden plot, digging, fertilizing, raking, planting/transplanting, and watering. To determine the effects of the gardening activities on brain nerve growth factors related to memory, blood samples were drawn twice from each subject before and after the gardening activity by professional nurses. The levels of brain nerve growth factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), were analyzed. Levels of BDNF and PDGF were significantly increased after the gardening activity. This study revealed a potential benefit of gardening activities for cognitive function in senior individuals.

Highly tumor-specific DNA nanostructures discovered by in vivo screening of a nucleic acid cage library and their applications in tumor-targeted drug delivery.

Enormous efforts have been made to harness nanoparticles showing extravasation around tumors for tumor-targeted drug carriers. Owing to the complexity of in vivo environments, however, it is very difficult to rationally design a nanoconstruct showing high tumor specificity. Here, we show an approach to develop tumor-specific drug carriers by screening a library of self-assembled nucleic acid cages in vivo. After preparation of a library of 16 nucleic acid cages by combining the sugar backbone and the shape of cages, we screened the biodistribution of the cages intravenously injected into tumor-bearing mice, to discover the cages with high tumor-specificity. This tumor specificity was found to be closely related with serum stability, cancer cell uptake efficiency, and macrophage evasion rate. We further utilized the cages showing high tumor specificity as carriers for the delivery of not only a cytotoxic small molecule drug but also a macromolecular apoptotic protein exclusively into the tumor tissue to induce tumor-specific damage. The results demonstrate that our library-based strategy to discover tumor-targeted carriers can be an efficient way to develop anti-cancer nanomedicines with tumor specificity and enhanced potency.

Effect of altered carrying angle on the medial-to-lateral activation ratio in the biceps brachii and triceps brachii.

[Purpose] The purpose of this research was to examine differences in muscle activity between the resting forearm position (RFP) and the straight forearm position (SFP) during upper arm strengthening exercises. [Participants and Methods] In total, 35 healthy college students were randomly sampled (18 males and 17 females). Surface electromyography data were collected from the medial and lateral sides of the biceps and triceps brachii muscles. [Results] The medial muscles showed greater activity during SFP versus RFP, but no difference in overall activation was found between the two positions. [Conclusion] Carrying angle less affected to biceps and triceps brachii muscles activation during upper arm strengthening exercises.

Realizing Long-Term Stability and Thickness Control of Black Phosphorus by Ambient Thermal Treatment.

Few-layer black phosphorus (BP) has shown great potential for next-generation electronics with tunable band gap and high carrier mobility. For the electronic applications, the thickness modulation of a BP flake is essential due to its thickness-dependent electronic properties. However, controlling the precise thickness of few-layer BP is a challenge for the high-performance device applications. In this study, we demonstrate that thermal treatment under ambient condition precisely controls the thickness of BP flake. The thermal etching method utilizes the chemical reactivity of BP surface with oxygen and water molecules by the repeated formation and evaporation of phosphoric acid during thermal annealing. Field-effect transistor of the thickness-modulated BP sheet by thermal etching method shows a high hole mobility of ∼576 cm2 V-1 s-1 and a high on-off ratio of ∼105. The stability of the BP devices remained for 1 month under ambient condition without an additional protecting layer, resulting from the preservation of active BP layers below native surface phosphorus oxide.

Hybrid Black Phosphorus/Zero-Dimensional Quantum Dot Phototransistors: Tunable Photodoping and Enhanced Photoresponsivity.

Recently, black phosphorus (BP) with direct band gap exhibited excellent potential for optoelectronic applications because of its high charge carrier mobility and low dark current as well as the variable band gap of 0.3-1.5 eV depending on the number of layers. However, few-layer BP-based phototransistors (photo-FETs) have been limited in sensitivity and wavelength selectivity. To overcome the drawback of these photo-FETs, we studied hybrid photo-FETs combined with the novel properties of the two materials between the channel and sensitizer layers. By combining a strong absorbance of a quantum dot (QD) layer and a two-dimensional layer material with high carrier mobility, the hybrid photo-FETs are expected to produce high-performance photodetectors that can effectively control the responsivity, detectivity, and response time. In this study, we demonstrate that the photogenerated carriers formed from QD sensitizer layers migrate to the BP transport layer with high charge mobility and not only improve the photodetector performance but also enhance the photodoping effect of the BP transport layer with an ambipolar characteristic by electrons transferred from n-type CdSe QDs or holes injected from p-type PbS QDs. The responsivity and detectivity of hybrid BP/0D photo-FETs exhibit 1.16 × 109 A W-1 and 7.53 × 1016 Jones for the BP/CdSe QD photo-FET and 5.36 × 108 A W-1 and 1.89 × 1016 Jones for the BP/PbS QD photo-FET, respectively. The photocurrent rise (τrise) and decay (τdecay) times were τrise = 0.406 s and τdecay = 0.815 s for BP/CdSe QD photo-FET and τrise = 0.576 s and τdecay = 0.773 s for BP/PbS QD photo-FET, respectively.

High strength nanostructured Al-based alloys through optimized processing of rapidly quenched amorphous precursors.

We report the methods increasing both strength and ductility of aluminum alloys transformed from amorphous precursor. The mechanical properties of bulk samples produced by spark-plasma sintering (SPS) of amorphous Al-Ni-Co-Dy powders at temperatures above 673 K are significantly enhanced by in-situ crystallization of nano-scale intermetallic compounds during the SPS process. The spark plasma sintered Al84Ni7Co3Dy6 bulk specimens exhibit 1433 MPa compressive yield strength and 1773 MPa maximum strength together with 5.6% plastic strain, respectively. The addition of Dy enhances the thermal stability of primary fcc Al in the amorphous Al-TM -RE alloy. The precipitation of intermetallic phases by crystallization of the remaining amorphous matrix plays important role to restrict the growth of the fcc Al phase and contributes to the improvement of the mechanical properties. Such fully crystalline nano- or ultrafine-scale Al-Ni-Co-Dy systems are considered promising for industrial application because their superior mechanical properties in terms of a combination of very high room temperature strength combined with good ductility.

Recovery Mechanism of Degraded Black Phosphorus Field-Effect Transistors by 1,2-Ethanedithiol Chemistry and Extended Device Stability.

Black phosphorus (BP) has drawn enormous attention for both intriguing material characteristics and electronic and optoelectronic applications. In spite of excellent advantages for semiconductor device applications, the performance of BP devices is hampered by the formation of phosphorus oxide on the BP surface under ambient conditions. It is thus necessary to resolve the oxygen-induced degradation on the surface of BP to recover the characteristics and stability of the devices. To solve this problem, it is demonstrated that a 1,2-ethanedithiol (EDT) treatment is a simple and effective way to remove the bubbles formed on the BP surface. The device characteristics of the degraded BP field-effect transistor (FET) are completely recovered to the level of the pristine cases by the EDT treatment. The underlying principle of bubble elimination on the BP surface by the EDT treatment is systematically analyzed by density functional theory calculation, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. In addition, the performance of the hexagonal boron nitride-protected BP FET is completely retained without changing device characteristics even when exposed to 30 d or more in air. The EDT-induced recovering effect will allow a new route for the optimization of electronic and optoelectronic devices based on BP.

Dual-Gate Black Phosphorus Field-Effect Transistors with Hexagonal Boron Nitride as Dielectric and Passivation Layers.

Two-dimensional black phosphorus (BP) has attracted much attention recently because of its applicability in high-performance electronic and optoelectronic devices. BP field-effect transistors (FETs) with a tunable band gap (0.3-1.5 eV) have demonstrated a high on-off current ratio and a high hole mobility with an ambipolar behavior in global-gated devices. However, local-gated BP FETs for integrated circuits have been reported with only p-type behaviors and a low on-current compared with global-gated BP FETs. Furthermore, BP, which is not stable in air, forms sharp spikes on its surface when exposed to humid air. This phenomenon plays a role in accelerating the degradation of the electrical properties of BP devices, which can occur even within a day. In this paper, we first demonstrate the origin of transport limitations of local-gated BP FETs by comparing the transport properties of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN)-based device architectures with those of a bottom-gated BP FET on a Si/SiO2 substrate. By using h-BN as passivation and dielectric layers, BP FETs with a low gate operating voltage were fabricated with two different transistor geometries: top-gated and bottom-gated FETs. The highest mobility extracted from the global-gated BP FETs was 249 cm2 V-1 s-1 with a subthreshold swing of 848 mV dec-1.

Development of a ssDNA aptamer for detection of residual benzylpenicillin.

Antibiotics are useful for improving the living conditions of livestock. However, residual antibiotics induce several human diseases such as food-borne illness and infection of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). In this study, the identification of a benzylpenicillin-specific aptamer was selected by rGO-SELEX (reduced Graphene Oxide-Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment). A random ssDNA library was incubated with rGO for adsorption and eluted with benzylpenicillin. As a result of the selection process, a DNA aptamer was found that specifically bound to benzylpenicillin with high binding affinity, Kd = 383.4 nM, and had a low limit of detection (LOD) of 9.2 nM. The characterization of the aptamer was performed through the fluorescence recovery signal from rGO surface. In addition, detection of benzylpenicillin was performed in pretreated milk samples, and its detection accuracy was shown to be 100± 10%. This represented that BBA1 was used for fluorescence aptasensor system in real sample. Furthermore, this benzylpenicillin binding aptamer showed high specificity against other antibiotics except for ampicillin. With these advantageous characteristics, we expect that this aptamer could be applied to an on-site detection system for residual benzylpenicillin.